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P. Schuster, R. Bertermann, T. A. Snow, X. Han, G. M. Rusch and G. W. Jepson, “Biotransformation of 2,3,3,3 tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf),” Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Vol. 233, No. 3, 2008, pp. 323-332. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2008.08.018

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Analysis of Thermodynamic Characteristic Changes in Direct Expansion Ground Source Heat Pump Using Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) Substituting for HFC-134a

  AUTHORS: Yuefen Gao, Honglei Zhao, Yingxin Peng, Tony Roskilly

  KEYWORDS: Direct Expansion Ground Source Heat Pump (DXGSHP); Thermodynamic Performance; HFO-1234yf; HFO-1234ze[E]; HFC-134a

  JOURNAL NAME: Energy and Power Engineering, Vol.5 No.2A, April 29, 2013

  ABSTRACT: HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze[E] have low global warming potential and zero ozone depletion potential. If they are used in the direct expansion ground source heat pump system substituting for HFC-134a, the system will be beneficial to mitigating climate change. This study aims to find out the thermodynamic characteristics of the direct expansion ground source heat pump system using HFO-1234yf or HFO-1234ze[E] by theoretical calculation. The results indicate that HFO-1234yf system in an actual cycle has the highest COP. HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze[E] have such smaller capacity per unit of swept volume that they need larger compression capacity if providing the same heating or cooling loads. For a given unit when HFC-134a is replaced with HFO-1234yf or HFO-1234ze[E], the capacity will decrease. More refrigerant charge is required in the HFO-1234yf or HFO-1234ze[E] system. The results also present that more refrigerant charge is required in the cooling mode than in the heating mode.