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Sivakumaran, S., Irwin, M.E. and Gulamhusein, S.S. (2002) Postpacemaker implant pericarditis: Incidence and outcomes with active-fixation leads. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 25, 833. doi:10.1046/j.1460-9592.2002.t01-1-00833.x

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Hemothorax induced by cardiac perforation resulting from two active screw-in leads: A case report

  AUTHORS: Hideki Morita, Tsutomu Saito, Yoshio Misawa

  KEYWORDS: Pacemaker; Pacing Complications; Hemothorax; Screw-In Lead

  JOURNAL NAME: World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases, Vol.3 No.2, April 28, 2013

  ABSTRACT: We describe the case of a 77-year-old female who underwent dual-chamber permanent pacemaker implantation using two active screw-in leads for complete atrioventricular block. The two active screw-in leads perforated the atrial and ventricular walls causing cardiac tamponade and a left hemothorax associated with ventricular perforation. An emergency sternotomy was performed to facilitate drainage and hemostasis. Although hemothorax due to pacing lead perforation is very rare, such a possibility should always be considered.