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Birbaumer, N., Veit, R., Lotze, M., Erb, M., Hermann, C., Grodd, W. and Flor, H. (2005) Deficient fear conditioning in psychopathy. A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Archive of General Psychiatry, 62, 799-805. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.7.799

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• TITLE: Cued aversive classical conditioning in humans: The role of trait-anxiety

  AUTHORS: Óscar Andión, Xavier Caseras, Miquel Àngel Fullana, Alberto Fernandez-Teruel, Marc Ferrer, Miquel Casas, Rafael Torrubia

  KEYWORDS: Classical Conditioning; Startle Reflex; Trait-Anxiety; Cued Conditioning; Fear-Potentiated Startle

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Psychiatry, Vol.3 No.2, April 10, 2013

  ABSTRACT: No study so far has specifically addressed the influence of individual differences in trait-anxiety on aversive classical conditioning as indexed by the startle reflex response. We compared the startle reflex responses between participants classified as high (n = 25) and low (n = 26) in trait-anxiety while undergoing a single-cue aversive classical conditioning procedure. High trait-anxiety group showed a greater startle response to the CS relative to the ITI at the post-acquisition compared with the pre-acquisition phase. Low trait-anxiety group did not show such a clear pattern of conditioning, and results from this group seem to be concealed by differences in the startle responses to the CS and the ITI during the pre-acquisition phase. However, a post-hoc analysis in which such differences at pre-conditioning were removed showed no conditioning effects in low trait-anxiety participants. Taking together, these results suggest differences between high and low trait-anxiety groups in the acquisition of the CS-US association. However, further research should clarify the unexpected pattern of responses shown by low trait-anxiety group.