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Packer, M., Colucci, W.S., Sackner-Bernstein, J.D., Liang, C.S., Goldscher, D.A., Freeman, I., Kukin, M.L., Kinhal, V., Udelson, J.E., Klapholz, M., et al. (1996) Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of carvedilol in patients with moderate to severe heart failure. The PRE-CISE Trial. Prospective randomized evaluation of carvedilol on symptoms and exercise. Circulation, 94, 2793-2799. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.94.11.2793

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Discharge heart rate and future events among Japanese patients with acute heart failure receiving beta-blocker therapy

  AUTHORS: Kazuki Oshima, Shun Kohsaka, Kimi Koide, Yuji Nagatomo, Toshiyuki Nagai, Yutaka Endo, Tsutomu Yoshikawa, Keiichi Fukuda

  KEYWORDS: Heart Failure; Beta-Blocker; Heart Rate; Pharmaceutical Preparations

  JOURNAL NAME: World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases, Vol.3 No.1A, March 29, 2013

  ABSTRACT: Background: Randomized trials have demonstrated the efficacy of beta-blockers (BBs) in heart failure (HF) patients. We sought to assess the impact of BBs on long-term outcome; in particular, we assessed the association between outcome and BB dose and discharge heart rate. Methods and Results: Prescriptions for dispensed medication and outcomes were identified from a prospective, single-institution HF registry. Long-term prognosis was compared between users and non-users of BBs. BB users were further divided into 2 groups based on dose (full and non-full dose) and discharge heart rate (70 bpm was significantly associated with impaired long-term outcome (HR = 1.872, P = 0.04). Conclusions: Optimizing heart rate, rather than maximizing BB dose, appears to be an appropriate treatment strategy for the beta-sensitive Japanese population.