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Ulander, M., Arestedt, K., Svanborg, E., Johansson, P. and Brostr?m, A. (2013) The fairness of the Epworth sleepiness scale: Two approaches to differential item functioning. Sleep Breath, 17, 157-165. doi:10.1007/s11325-012-0664-8

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• TITLE: Insomnia is associated to depressive symptoms in patients with chronic heart failure

  AUTHORS: Peter Johansson, Anders Broström

  KEYWORDS: Congestive Heart Failure; Insomnia Disorders; Depressive Symptoms

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Nursing, Vol.3 No.1, March 18, 2013

  ABSTRACT: Introduction: Insomnia and depressive symptoms are common among patients with chronic heart failure (HF). Aim: The aim was to describe the prevalence of insomnia and depressive symptoms, as well as to examine the association between insomnia and depressive symptoms in patients with HF. Method: A crosssectional descriptive study including 212 patients with HF. All patients responded to questionnaires regarding sleeping difficulties (Uppsala Sleep Inventory-Chronic Heart Failure), daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and depressive symptoms (The Mental Health Scale). Results: Patients with depressive symptoms (34%) had, compared to those without, significantly more major complaints of insomnia as indicated by the sub-types; non-restorative sleep (66% vs. 32%, p