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G. S. Hammond, C. S. Wu, O. D. Trapp, J. Warkentin, R. T. Keys and D. L. Neff, “The Mechanism of Decomposi tion of Azo Compounds. II. Cage Effects in the Decom position of ?α,α’Azoisobutyronitrile and Related Com pounds,” Journal of American Chemical Society, Vol. 82, No. 20, 1960, pp. 53945399. doi:10.1021/ja01505a026

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Nitroxide-Mediated Photo-Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization of Methacrylic Acid

  AUTHORS: Eri Yoshida

  KEYWORDS: Photo-Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization; Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization; Methacrylic Acid; 4-Methoxy-2, 2, 6, 6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-Oxyl; (4-Tert-butylphenyl)diphenylsulfonium Triflate; Molecular Weight Control

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Polymer Chemistry, Vol.3 No.1, February 28, 2013

  ABSTRACT: The photo-controlled/living radical polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) was performed at room temperature by irradiation with a high-pressure mercury lamp using azo initiators and 4-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl as the mediator in the presence of (4-tert-butylphenyl)diphenylsulfonium triflate (tBuS) as the accelerator. Whereas the bulk polymerization yielded polymers with a bimodal molecular weight distribution in both the absence and presence of tBuS, the solution polymerization in methanol produced unimodal polymers with the molecular weight distribution of 2.0 - 2.3 in the presence of tBuS. The molecular weight distribution of the resulting poly (MAA) decreased with an in- crease in tBuS. The dilution of the monomer concentration also reduced the molecular weight distribution. The use of the initiator with a low 10-h half-life temperature also effectively controlled the molecular weight. The livingness of the polymerization was confirmed by obtaining linear increases in the first-order conversion versus time, the molecular weight versus the conversion, and the molecular weight versus the reciprocal of the initiator concentration.