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Cammarota, R., Bertolini, V., Pennesi, G., Bucci, E.O., Gottardi, O., Garlanda, C., et al. (2010) The tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer: Stromal TLR-4 expression as a potential prognostic marker. Journal of Translational Medicine, 8, 112-128. doi:10.1186/1479-5876-8-112

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• TITLE: A methachromatic-based experimental model for identification of bowel as the focus of an acute inflammation

  AUTHORS: Sravya Sowdamini Nakka, Jessica Johansson, Faisal Shahzad, Anders Hanning, Fariba Nayeri

  KEYWORDS: Gastroenteritis; Hepatocyte Growth Factor; HSPG; Metachromasy; Rapid Test

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol.3 No.1, February 28, 2013

  ABSTRACT: Diarrhea is the most common symptom of acute inflammation in gastrointestinal tract and the patients are isolated in order to inhibit transmission and to conduct investigations. Yet there is no standard test to distinguish gastrointestinal infection from more generalized diseases at admittance which might cause delay in therapy. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is produced upon injury by mesenchymal cells. On the contrary to chronic inflammation, HGF produced in the course of acute inflammation is biologically active and shows binding affinity to heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG) and dextran sulphate (DS). Based on this phenomenon, an agarose gel containing DS was prepared and immobilized on loops to investigate the feces samples for the presence or absence of growth factors such as HGF with affinity to DS. The study is conducted as a clinical evaluation of an experimental model to distinguish acute infectious gastroenteritis from other causes of diarrhea. 656 fecal samples gathered consequently from patients seeking for bowel disturbances and healthy were tested by the test and the medical reports were investigated. Upon interaction with DS, methylene blue changes color to pink. This phenomenon was inhibited by HGF and converted by addition of anti-HGF antibodies to the samples. The test distinguished acute infectious gastroenteritis with high sensitivity and specificity (96% and 92% respectively) from other causes of diarrhea. We introduce a metachromatic experimental model that might distinguish acute inflammation in alimentary tract from other causes of diarrhea. This model might be used in developing rapid diagnostic tests.