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S. Young, G. Evermann, D. Kershaw, G. Moore, J. Odell, D. Ollason, V. Valtchev, and P. Woodland, “The HTK Book,” Cambridge Univer-sity Engineering Dept., 2001.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: A HMM-Based System To Diacritize Arabic Text

  AUTHORS: M. S. Khorsheed

  KEYWORDS: Arabic; Hidden Markov Models; Text-to-speech; Diacritization

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, Vol.5 No.12B, January 25, 2013

  ABSTRACT: The Arabic language comes under the category of Semitic languages with an entirely different sentence structure in terms of Natural Language Processing. In such languages, two different words may have identical spelling whereas their pronunciations and meanings are totally different. To remove this ambiguity, special marks are put above or below the spelling characters to determine the correct pronunciation. These marks are called diacritics and the language that uses them is called a diacritized language. This paper presents a system for Arabic language diacritization using Hid- den Markov Models (HMMs). The system employs the renowned HMM Tool Kit (HTK). Each single diacritic is represented as a separate model. The concatenation of output models is coupled with the input character sequence to form the fully diacritized text. The performance of the proposed system is assessed using a data corpus that includes more than 24000 sentences.