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A. Abad, J. Adanez, F. Garcialabiano, L. Dediego, P. Gayan and J. Celaya, “Mapping of the Range of Operational Conditions for Cu-, Fe-, and Ni-Based Oxygen Carriers in Chemical-Looping Combustion,” Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 62, No. 1-2, 2007, pp. 533-549. doi:10.1016/j.ces.2006.09.019

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Reactivity Investigation on Iron-Titanium Oxides for a Moving Bed Chemical Looping Combustion Implementation

  AUTHORS: Diana C. Campos, Jamal Belkouch, Mourad Hazi, Aïssa Ould-Dris

  KEYWORDS: Ilmenite; Iron-Titanium Oxides; Chemical Looping Combustion; CLC; Methane; Reactivity

  JOURNAL NAME: Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science, Vol.3 No.1, January 11, 2013

  ABSTRACT: Ilmenite-type natural ore which is constituted mainly of iron-titanium oxide is an interesting candidate as an oxygen carrier in chemical looping combustion (CLC) process. Its reactivity was investigated using methane as reducing gas and air as oxidizing gas. Experiments were carried out in a coupled thermogravimetric–thermo differential analyzer (TGA-DTA). When temperature increases from 700℃ to 1000℃, the reaction rate increases by 50 times while the oxygen transfer capacity passes from 1.8% to 12%. TG-DT analyses showed that the overall mass loss due to ilmenite reduction reached at most 12%. It corresponds to 87% of theoretical mass loss due to the transformation of Fe2TiO5 into Fe and TiO2. It is established that the reduction for the iron-titanium oxides occurs in two steps: Fe2TiO5→ FeTiO3→ Fe + TiO2. The titanium reduction from the state TiO2 to the stage Ti3O5 was observed as well. This behavior is supported by XRD analysis. Subsequent oxidation of the reduced mineral led to recover the starting oxide. The stability of iron-titanium oxides was established over 35 looping cycles of oxidation-reduction, with an increase of 5% of oxygen transfer capacity and reactivity in the first 5 cycles and after that, ilmenite reactivity remained constant. At high temperatures, catalytic effect of ilmenite on methane decomposition leading to carbon deposition is observed. The deposited carbon participates in the reactivity of the oxide.