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Hardy, A., Fowler, D., Freeman, D., Smith, B., Steel, C., Evans, J., Garety, P.A., Kuipers, E., Bebbington, P.E. and Dunn G. (2005) Trauma and hallucinatory experience in psychosis. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 193, 501-507. doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000172480.56308.21

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• TITLE: Voice hearing over time: A qualitative study of a woman without a psychiatric diagnosis

  AUTHORS: Anne-Grethe Talseth, Fredricka L. Gilje, Anne Martha Kalhovde

  KEYWORDS: Non-Patient; Nursing Research; Western Culture; Life-World Existentials; Voice Hearing

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Nursing, Vol.2 No.4, December 26, 2012

  ABSTRACT: Voice hearing, a complex perceptual phenomenon, is reportedly common in the general population yet understudied in nursing. Nurses meet voice hearers from diverse cultures; their understandings influence assessment. The aim was to explore voice hearing in everyday life in a non-patient population, revealing insights for assessing voice hearing. Method: Interview data was transcribed, translated into English and analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Outcome measures are thematic descriptions. Results: Voice hearing over time involved past (about year 2000) and recent (2009) time periods. Four main themes were: “Transitioning from not-being-at home when home alone to being at-home”, “Shifting overtime from frequent, repetitive voice hearing to inferquent intermittent voice hearing overtime”, “Changing from being disempowered to being empowered” and “Progressing from absence of significant others to presence of significant others”. Study Limitations: Interviewing a single participant residing in Scandinavia produced in-depth descriptions consistent with the study’s aim. The participant had no known psychiatric diagnosis and had not received mental health care when recruited and interviewed. However, we cannot be certain that her voice hearing was or was not non-pathological which raises issues concerning truth value of the study. Conclusions: The results reflect life world existential themes of lived time, lived space, lived body and lived human relation, and offers a framework for guiding and challenging nurses’ assessments of voice hearing. Voice hearing can be understood as a bereavement-grief response. Further research is needed in western and non-western cultures and non-patient populations.