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P. Chieng-Yane, A. Bocquet, R. Létienne, T. Bourbon, S. Sablayrolles, M. Perez, et al., “Protease-Activated Receptor-1 Antagonist F 16618 Reduces Arterial Restenosis by Down-Regulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor ? and Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 Expression, Migration, and Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells,” Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Vol. 336, No. 3, 2011, pp. 643-651. Hdoi:10.1124/jpet.110.175182

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Recent Development in Thrombin Receptor Antagonist as Novel Antithrombotic Agent

  AUTHORS: Huan Cui, Weiqiang Tan, Jianshuo Shi, Yan Xia

  KEYWORDS: Thrombin Receptor Antagonist; PAR-1 Antagonist; Vorapaxar; Antithrombotic; Review

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Vol.2 No.4, December 21, 2012

  ABSTRACT: Significant progress was achieved in the search of a thrombin receptor antagonist as a novel antithrombotic treatment since the thrombin receptor (protease-activated receptor-1, PAR-1) was cloned 20 years ago. Previous works have shown that it is possible to develop potent thrombin receptor antagonists to compete effectively with the receptor’s internal “tethered” ligand to block platelet activation. Vorapaxar (SCH 530348) from Schering-Plough (now Merck) and atopaxar (E5555) from Eisai have been advanced to human clinical trials. Recently, the pivotal phase III clinical trial results for vorapaxar were published. In this article we review these results plus the phase II results from atopaxar. Several newly described thrombin receptor antagonists from the literature will also be discussed. The phase III results from vorapaxar demonstrated that a thrombin receptor antagonist can achieve efficacy in addition to current standard- of-care in treating atherothrombotic patients, especially those with previous myocardial infarction (MI). However, the increased moderate and severe bleeding, especially intracranial bleeding, point to the limitations of current thrombin receptor antagonists. Future thrombin receptor antagonists that can improve on the efficacy and bleeding profile of current ones should have a promising place in meeting the unmet medical need in treating atherothrombotic patients using current standard therapy.