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J. Steinbrink, A. Villringer, F. Kempf, D. Haux, S. Boden and H. Obrig, “Illuminating the BOLD Signal: Combined FMRI-FNIRS Studies,” Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Vol. 24, No. 4, 2006, pp. 495-505. doi:10.1016/j.mri.2005.12.034

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Detecting the Stable, Observable and Controllable States of the Human Brain Dynamics

  AUTHORS: Ehsan Kamrani, Armin N. Foroushani, Mohsen Vaziripour, Mohamad Sawan

  KEYWORDS: BOLD Signal; Hemodynamics; Controllability and Observability; FNIRS; Brain Imaging; Brain Dynamics

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Medical Imaging, Vol.2 No.4, December 21, 2012

  ABSTRACT: A new technique is proposed in this paper for real-time monitoring of brain neural activity based on the balloon model. A continuous-discrete extended Kalman filter is used to estimate the nonlinear model states. The stability, controlla- bility and observability of the proposed model are described based on the simulation and measured clinical data analysis. By introducing the controllable and observable states of the hemodynamic signal we have developed a numerical tech- nique to validate and compare the impact of brain signal parameters affecting on BOLD signal variation. This model increases significantly the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and the speed of brain signal processing. A linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) also has been introduced for optimal control of the model.