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P. Mrass, M. Rendl, M. Mildner, F. Gruber, B. Lengauer, C. Ballaun, L. Eckhart and E. Tschachler E, “Retinoic Acid Increases the Expression of p53 and Proapoptotic Caspases and Sensitizes Keratinocytes to Apoptosis: A Possible Explanation for Tumor Preventive Action of Retinoids,” Cancer Research, Vol. 64, No. 18, 2004, pp. 6542-6548. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-1129

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Retinoid and Ethanol-Sensitive Benzo(α)Pyrene Induction of Cytochrome P450 in Human Keratinocytes

  AUTHORS: John J. Wille, Jong Y. Park

  KEYWORDS: CYP1A1; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase; Benzo(α)Pyrene; Ethanol; Keratinocytes, Retinoids

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Cancer Therapy, Vol.3 No.6, December 14, 2012

  ABSTRACT: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) induce cytochrome P-450 monoxygenase enzymes that catalyze the formation of DNA adducts. We investigated the effects benzo(α)pyrene (B[α]P) alone or in combination with ethanol on normal human keratinocyte (NHK) growth, induction of cytochrome P-4501A1 (CYP1A1), and modulation of these treatments by retinoic acid (RA) in a serum-free culture medium. Growth-arrested confluent NHK serum-free cultures were treated with B[α]P alone or in combination with ethanol and RA. The effects on CYP1A1 enzyme activity were investigated. B[α]P treatment alone was not toxic to post-confluent cells; sub-toxic ethanol stimulated cell growth regardless B[α]P treatment. No CYP1A1 activity was detected in control or ethanol-treated NHK cell cultures. B[α]P alone induced CYP1A1 activity, and B[α]P plus ethanol treatment further enhanced B[α]P-induced CYP1A1 activity. Pretreatment with all-trans-RA (t-RA) abolished ethanol enhancement of CYP1A1 activity. There is a synergistic action of ethanol in combination with PAH on induction of P-450 cytochrome enzymes. By contrast, RA reverses ethanol enhancement implying a role for retinoid therapy in counteracting the risk posed by combined alcohol and PAH exposure on epidermal cell carcinogenesis.