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M. Kuokkanen, T. Vilppu, T. Kuokkanen, T. Stoor and J. Niinim?ki, “Additives in Wood Pellet Production—A Pilot Scale Study of Binding Agent Usage,” BioResources, Vol. 6, No. 4, 2011, pp. 4331-4355.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Material-Efficient Utilization of Waste Oils—Biodegradability and Other Chemical Properties of Vegetable Recycling Oils

  AUTHORS: Hanna Prokkola, Toivo Kuokkanen, Ulla Lassi

  KEYWORDS: Biodegradation; BOD; Manometric Respirometric Method; Waste Oil; Recycling; Vegetable Oil; Material Efficiency

  JOURNAL NAME: Green and Sustainable Chemistry, Vol.2 No.4, November 27, 2012

  ABSTRACT: Material efficiency is nowadays an essential topic to promote the sustainable use of natural resources, waste materials and industrial by-products, in agreement with the principle of sustainable development and LCA (life cycle assessment). In this research it was determined the biodegradation of used vegetable oil based products and their important physico- chemical properties for their suitability in different applications such as chain oil in the forestry equipment and mold oil in concrete casting etc. Biodegradability is a measure of the ecological nature of products, and thus from an environ- mental point of view, is the most important evaluated property in this research. As a result, all measured properties of the studied recycled vegetable oils show that the products are environmentally friendly. Two types of vegetable oil were studied; three chain oils and two mold oils. The degree of biodegradation (BOD28) of the mold oils, was about 77 % and the biodegradation of chain oils was about 60% - 62%. In addition, this paper also presents a process outline for manu- facturing recycling vegetable oils.