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Benckert, C., Jonas, S., Cramer, T., Von Marschall, Z., Schafer, G., Peters, M., Wagner, K., Radke, C., Wiedenmann, B., Neuhaus, P., Hocker, M. and Rosewicz, S. (2003) Transforming growth factor β1 stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor gene transcription in human cholangiocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer Research, 63, 1083- 1092.

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• TITLE: Downregulation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice using stearic acid-grafted carboxymethyl chitosan (SA-CMC)

  AUTHORS: Salem A. Habib, Yassin A. Aggour, Hossam A. Taha

  KEYWORDS: Transforming Growth Factor-β; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; EAC Cells; Stearic Acid-Grafted Carboxymethyl Chitosan

  JOURNAL NAME: Natural Science, Vol.4 No.11, November 22, 2012

  ABSTRACT: The present study was conducted to investigate the use of stearic acid-grafted carboxymethyl chitosan(SA-CMC) as a downregulator for trans- forming growth factor-β (TGF- β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing mice. The antitumor effect of stearic acid-grafted carboxymethyl chitosan was assessed by the estimation of TGF- β and VEGF in serum in addition to the estimation of tumor volume, median survival time (MST), percentage of increase in life span (ILS%) as well as the contents of total lipid, DNA and RNA in liver tissues. Hematological profiles (hemoglobin, red blood cells, and platelets) were also assessed. In addition, liver function tests and the redox status were estimated. TGF- β, VEGF, DNA, RNA, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, in addition to serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities as well as total white blood cells counts and tumor volume were all highly significantly increased (P