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P. A. Trail, D. Willner, J. Knipe, A. J. Henderson, S. J. Lasch, M. E. Zoeckler, M. D. TrailSmith, T. W. Doyle, H. D. King, A. M. Casazza, J. Brown, S. J. Hofstead, R. S. Greenfield, R. A. Firestone, K. Mosure, K. F. Kadow, M. B. Yang, K. E. Hellstrom and I. Hellstrom, “Effect of linker Variation on the Stability, Potency and Efficacy of Carcinoma-Reactive BR64-Doxorubicin Immunoconjugates,” Cancer Research, Vol. 57, No. 1, 1997, pp. 100-105.

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• TITLE: Synthesis of Gemcitabine-(C4-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] Utilizing a UV-Photoactivated Gemcitabine Intermediate: Cytotoxic Anti-Neoplastic Activity against Chemotherapeutic-Resistant Mammary Adenocarcinoma SKBr-3

  AUTHORS: Cody P. Coyne, Toni Jones, Ryan Bear

  KEYWORDS: Gemcitabine; HER2/neu; UV-Photoactivated Gemcitabine-(C4-amide) Intermediate; Organic Chemistry Reaction; Gemcitabine-(C4-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu]; Covalent Bond Synthesis; Gemcitabine (C5- methylcarbamate)-[anti-HER2/neu]; Cytotoxic Anti-Neoplastic Potency; Chemotherapeutic-Resistant; Mammary Adenocarcinoma; Cell-ELISA; SDS-PAGE; Immunodetection; Chemiluminescent Autoradiography

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Cancer Therapy, Vol.3 No.5A, November 1, 2012

  ABSTRACT: Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog that becomes triphosphorylated intracellularly where it competitively inhibits cytidine incorporation into DNA strands. Another mechanism-of-action of gemcitabine (diphosphorylated form) involves irreversible inhibition of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase thereby preventing deoxyribonucleotide synthesis. Functioning as a potent chemotherapeutic gemcitabine promote decreases in neoplastic cell proliferation and apoptosis which is frequently found to be effective for the treatment of several leukemias and a wide spectrum of carcinomas. A brief plasma half-life in part due to rapid deamination and chemotherapeutic-resistance restricts the utility of gemcitabine in clinical oncology. Selective “targeted” delivery of gemcitabine represents a potential molecular strategy for simultaneously prolonging its plasma half-life and minimizing innocient tissues and organ systems exposure to chemotherapy. The molecular design and an organic chemistry based synthesis reaction is described that initially generates a UV-photoactivated gemcitabine intermediate. In a subsequent phase of the synthesis method the UV-photoactivated gemcitabine intermediate is covalently bonded to a monoclonal immunoglobulin yielding an end-product in the form of gemcitabine-(C4-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu]. Analysis by SDS-PAGE/chemiluminescent auto-radiography did not detect evidence of gemcitabine-(C4-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] polymerization or degradative fragmentation while cell-ELISA demonstrated retained binding-avidity for HER2/neu trophic membrane receptor complexes highly over-expressed by chemotherapeutic-resistant mammary adenocarcinoma (SKBr-3). Compared to chemotherapeutic-resistant mammary adenocarcinoma (SKBr-3), the covalent immunochemotherapeutic, gemcitabine-(C4-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] is anticipated to exert greater levels of cytotoxic anti-neoplastic potency against other neoplastic cell types like pancreatic carcinoma, small-cell lung carcinoma, neuroblastoma, glioblastoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, cervical epitheliod carcinoma, or leukemia/lymphoid neoplastic cell types based on their reported sensitivity to gemcitabine and gemcitabine covalent conjugates.