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Nelson, R.G., Shlossman, M., Budding, L.M., Pettitt, D.J., Saad, M.F., Genco, R.J. and Knowler, W.C. (1990) Periodontal disease and NIDDM in Pima Indians. Diabetes Care, 13, 836–844.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: The influence of diabetes enhanced inflammation on cell apoptosis and periodontitis

  AUTHORS: Tie-Lou Chen, Er-Li Xu, Hui-Jie Lu, Heng Xu, Shi-Feng Wang, Hai-Jun Zhao, Yu-Ming Liu

  KEYWORDS: Influence; Diabetes Mellitus; Inflammation; Cell Apoptosis; Periodontitis

  JOURNAL NAME: Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, Vol.3 No.6A, October 30, 2012

  ABSTRACT: Aim: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder leading to hyperglycemia and exhibiting altered fat and protein metabolism. Diabetes altered cellular microenvironment caused myriad untoward effects. Periodontitis is chronic inflammatory disease. Diabetes and periodontitis had higher prevalence in populations. The objective studied the relationship between diabetes and periodontitis associated with cell apoptosis and the influence of diabetes enhanced inflammation on apoptosis and periodontitis. Methods: This paper studied and analyzed the papers which published in the worldwide associated with the influence of diabetes enhanced inflammation on cell apoptosis and periodontitis, and reviewed the probably mechanism associated with apoptosis. Results: Diabetes induced hyperglycemia enhanced inflammation related to cell apoptosis. Periodontitis had a higher morbidity on diabetes patients. Periodontal intervention may be benefit to controlling the diabetes. The bidirectional efficiency happened between diabetes and periodontitis. Anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammation option can improve the therapeutic effects on diabetes and periodontitis. The finding included following several aspects. 1) Advanced glycation end products enhanced inflammatory response; 2) Hyperglycemia induced cell apoptosis; 3) inflammatory cytokines caused cell apoptosis; 4) Mutuality between cell apoptosis and periodontitis; 5) Diabetes induce periodontitis and bone loss; 6) Periodontitis induced insulin resistance. 7) TNFα induce prostaglandins elicited cell apoptosis; 8) periodontal therapies had effects on diabetes. Conclusion: Diabetes can enhance inflamemation leading to apoptosis and periodontitis. Effective periodontal therapy and control glucose may produce better effects on diabetes or periodontitis. Further research required to investigate the bidirectional mechanism between diabetes and periodontitis.