TITLE:
Intelligent Biometric Information Management
AUTHORS:
Harry Wechsler
KEYWORDS:
Authentication, Biometrics, Boosting, Change Detection, Complexity, Cross-Matching, Data Fusion, Ensemble Methods, Forensics, Identity Management, Imposters, Inference, Intelligent Information Management, Margin gain, MDL, Multi-Sensory Integration, Outlier Detection, P-Values, Quality, Randomness, Ranking, Score Normalization, Semi-Supervised Learning, Spectral Clustering, Strangeness, Surveillance, Tracking, Typicality, Transduction
JOURNAL NAME:
Intelligent Information Management,
Vol.2 No.9,
October
13,
2010
ABSTRACT: We advance here a novel methodology for robust intelligent biometric information management with inferences and predictions made using randomness and complexity concepts. Intelligence refers to learning, adap- tation, and functionality, and robustness refers to the ability to handle incomplete and/or corrupt adversarial information, on one side, and image and or device variability, on the other side. The proposed methodology is model-free and non-parametric. It draws support from discriminative methods using likelihood ratios to link at the conceptual level biometrics and forensics. It further links, at the modeling and implementation level, the Bayesian framework, statistical learning theory (SLT) using transduction and semi-supervised lea- rning, and Information Theory (IY) using mutual information. The key concepts supporting the proposed methodology are a) local estimation to facilitate learning and prediction using both labeled and unlabeled data; b) similarity metrics using regularity of patterns, randomness deficiency, and Kolmogorov complexity (similar to MDL) using strangeness/typicality and ranking p-values; and c) the Cover – Hart theorem on the asymptotical performance of k-nearest neighbors approaching the optimal Bayes error. Several topics on biometric inference and prediction related to 1) multi-level and multi-layer data fusion including quality and multi-modal biometrics; 2) score normalization and revision theory; 3) face selection and tracking; and 4) identity management, are described here using an integrated approach that includes transduction and boosting for ranking and sequential fusion/aggregation, respectively, on one side, and active learning and change/ outlier/intrusion detection realized using information gain and martingale, respectively, on the other side. The methodology proposed can be mapped to additional types of information beyond biometrics.