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Ben-Shachar, G., Arcilla, R.A., Lucas, R.V. and Manasek, F.J. (1985) Ventricular trabeculations in the chick embryo heart and their contribution to ventricular and muscular septal development. Circulation Research, 57, 759-766. doi:10.1161/01.RES.57.5.759

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• TITLE: Congenital heart defects through 30 years

  AUTHORS: Alf Meberg

  KEYWORDS: Congenital Heart Defects; Prevalence; Associated Malformations; Spontaneous Cure; Surgery; Outcome

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Pediatrics, Vol.2 No.3, September 27, 2012

  ABSTRACT: Aim: To assess basic trends in epidemiology of congenital heart defects (CHDs). Method: Population based prospective observational study. Material: CHDs in infants born alive in a Norwegian county 1982-2011. Results: In 828/71 217 infants (12 per 1000) a CHD was diagnosed. The prevalence increased from 8 to 12 per 1000 after introduction of early echocardiography in newborns with suspected CHD from 1986 (p = 0.0001). Ventricular septal defect (VSD) was the dominating CHD (474; 57%). In 222 (27%) the CHDs were missed and diagnosed after discharge from hospital after birth. Twelve critical CHDs (causing death or requiring invasive procedures before 28 days of life) were missed. Prenatal diagnosis of critical CHDs increased from 4/67 (6%) born 1997-2006 to 4/11 (36%) born 2007-2011 (p = 0.01). In 177 (21%) a syndrome or extracardial defect occurred. The occurrence of CHDs associated with chromosomal disorders (60/73 (82%) trisomies) more than doubled from the cohort born in the first 10-year period 1982-1991 (0.6 per 1000) to the last 2002-2011 (1.4 per 1000) (p