Article citationsMore>>

H. H. Kramer, T. Eberle, N. Uceyler, I. Wagner, T. Klonschinsky, L. P. Muller, et al., “TNF-Alpha in CRPS and ‘Normal’ Trauma-Significant Differences between Tissue and Serum,” Pain, Vol. 152, No. 2, 2011, pp. 285-290. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.09.024

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Systemic Complications of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

  AUTHORS: Robert J. Schwartzman

  KEYWORDS: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome; CRPS; CRPS-1; CRPS-2; Chronic pain; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy; RSD

  JOURNAL NAME: Neuroscience and Medicine, Vol.3 No.3, September 25, 2012

  ABSTRACT: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a neuropathic pain disorder that is characterized by: 1) Severe pain beyond the area of injury; 2) Autonomic dysregulation; 3) Neuropathic edema; 4) A movement disorder, atrophy and dystrophy. It is most often caused by a fracture, soft-tissue injury or surgical procedure and is divided into Type I, in which no nerve lesion is identified (classic reflex sympathetic dystrophy), and Type II where a specific nerve has been damaged (causalgia). In addition to the peripheral manifestations, there are many internal medical complications whose etiology is often not appreciated. This article will examine how CRPS affects the systems of: cognition; constitutional, cardiac, and respiratory complications; systemic autonomic dysregulation; neurogenic edema; musculoskeletal, endocrine and dermatological manifestations; as well as urological and gastrointestinal function.