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Y. Kodama and M. Fujishima, “Localization of Perialgal Vacuoles beneath the Host Cell Surface Is Not a Prerequisite Phenomenon for Protection from the Host’s Lysosomal Fusion in the Ciliate Paramecium bursaria,” Protist, Vol. 160, No. 2, 2009, pp. 319-329. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2008.11.003

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Photobiont Flexibility in Paramecium bursaria: Double and Triple Photobiont Co-Habitation

  AUTHORS: Ryo Hoshina, Yuko Fujiwara

  KEYWORDS: Paramecium bursaria; Photobiont; Symbiosis

  JOURNAL NAME: Advances in Microbiology, Vol.2 No.3, September 24, 2012

  ABSTRACT: The green ciliate, Paramecium bursaria, has evolved a mutualistic relationship with endosymbiotic green algae (photobionts). Under culture conditions, photobionts are usually unified (to be single species) within each P. bursaria strain. In most cases, the algal partners are restricted to either Chlorella variabilis or Micractinium reisseri (Chlorellaceae, Trebouxiophyceae). Both species are characterized by particular physiology and atypical group I intron insertions, although they are morphologically indistinguishable from each other or from other Chlorella-related species. Both algae are exclusive species that are viable only within P. bursaria cells, and therefore their symbiotic relationship can be considered persistent. In a few cases, the other algal species have been reported as P. bursaria photobionts. Namely, P. bursaria have occasionally replaced their photobiont partner. This paper introduces some P. bursaria strains that maintain more than one species of algae for a long period. This situation prompts speculations about flexibility of host-photo-biont relationships, how P. bursaria replaced these photobionts, and the infection theory of the group I introns.