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Portincasa, P., Moschetta, A., Berardino, M., Di-Ciaula, A., Vacca, M., Baldassarre, G., Pietrapertosa, A., Camma- rota, R., Tannoia, N. and Palasciano, G. (2004) Impaired gallbladder motility and delayed orocecal transit con- tribute to pigment gallstone and biliary sludge formation in betathalassemia major adults. World Journal of Gas- troenterology, 10(16), 2383-2390.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Reduced bile duct contractile function in rats with chronic hyperglycemia

  AUTHORS: Chi-Ming Liu, Hui-Chen Su, Yen-Ting Wang, Tao-Hsin Tung, Pesus Chou, Yiing-Jeng Chou, Jorn-Hon Liu, Jan-Kan Chen

  KEYWORDS: Hyperglycemia; Bile Duct; Contractile

  JOURNAL NAME: Health, Vol.2 No.9, September 29, 2010

  ABSTRACT: The incidence of gallstone is higher in patients with diabetes mellitus than in general popula- tion. It is generally attributed to hypomotility and lowered emptying function of the gallblad- der. In this study, we investigate if chronic hy- perglycemia is correlated with reduced contrac- tile function of the bile ducts in rat. Hypergly- cemic rats were induced by streptozotocin-nic-otinamide treatment. Hyperglycemic rats were sacrificed eight months after induction and bile ducts were removed for the subsequent studies. The bile duct contractility of the normal rats is consistently higher than that of the hypergly- cemic rats. The contractities were measured to be 5.5 ± 0.2 mg vs. 4.2 ± 0.1 mg without CCK stimulation, and 5.5 ± 0.3 mg vs. 7.9 ± 0.4 mg with CCK stimulation, respectively for hypergly-cemic and normal rats. There was no significant difference in plasma CCK concentration in hy- perglycemic rats and normal rats. The expres- sion of CCK-A receptor protein in the bile duct tissue was decreased in hyperglycemic rats compared with that of the normal rats, and it may, at least in part, responsible for a reduced contractility. A reduced bile duct motility may cause bile retention, and may be one of the factors predispose to gallstone formation in type 2 diabetes patients, which is characterized with chronic hyperglycemia.