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P. Morris, “The Breakout Method for Escaping from Local Minima,” 11th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Washington DC, 11-15 July 1993, p. 4045.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Systematic vs. Non-Systematic Search for 3D Aircraft Conflict Resolution

  AUTHORS: Younes Mechqrane, El Houssine Bouyakhf

  KEYWORDS: Constraint Satisfaction Problem; Systematic Search; Non-Systematic Search; Aircraft Conflict Resolution

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications, Vol.4 No.3, August 30, 2012

  ABSTRACT: A conflict is an event in which two or more aircraft experience a loss of minimum separation. In this paper, we formulate the problem of solving conflicts arising among several aircraft moving in a shared airspace as a Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP). The constraint satisfaction problem being NP-complete, the algorithms developed to solve it have been of two types: non-systematic and systematic search methods. In this paper, we have considered a breakout algorithm as an example of non-systematic search methods and a backtracking procedure that maintains Arc Consistency (MAC) as an example of systematic search methods. The performance of these algorithms was compared experimentally and the Breakout algorithm is shown to be clearly superior.