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C. A. McBain, A. M. Henry, J. Sykes, A. Amer, T. Mar- chant, et al., “X-Ray Volumetric Imaging in Image-Guided Radiotherapy: The New Standard in On-Treatment Imag- ing,” International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics, Vol. 64, No. 2, 2006, pp. 625-634. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.09.018

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Three Dimensional Expansion of Margins for Single-fraction Treatments: Stereotactic Radiosurgery Brain Cases

  AUTHORS: Qinghui Zhang, Maria Chan, Yulin Song, Chandra Burman

  KEYWORDS: Margin; Cone-beam CT; Image-guided Radiation Treatment; Radiosurgery; Brain tumor

  JOURNAL NAME: International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology, Vol.1 No.2, August 20, 2012

  ABSTRACT: Purpose: To derive a clinically-practical margin formula between clinical target volume (CTV) and planning target volume (PTV) for single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Methods: In previous publications on the margin between the CTV and the PTV, a Gaussian function with zero mean was assumed for the systematic error and the machine systematic error was completely ignored. In this work we adopted a Dirac delta function for the machine systematic error for a given machine with nonzero mean systematic error. Mathematical formulas for calculating the CTV-PTV margin for single-fraction SRS treatments were proposed. Results: Margins for single fraction treatments were derived such that the CTVs received the prescribed dose in 95% of the SRS patients. The margin defined in this study was machine specific and accounted for nonzero mean systematic error. The differences between our formulas and a previously published formula were discussed. Conclusion: Clinical margin formulas were proposed for determining the margin between the CTV and the PTV in SRS treatments. Previous margin’s recipes, being derived specifically for conventional treatments, may be inappropriate for single-fraction SRS and could result in geometric miss of the target and even treatment failure for machines possessing of large systematic errors.