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Hu, F.B., Stampfer, M.J., Manson, J.E., Rimm, E.B., Colditz, G.A., Rosner, B.A., Speizer, F.E., Hennekens, C.H. and Willett, W.C. (1998) Frequent nut consumption and risk of coronary heart disease in women: Prospective cohort study. British Medical Journal, 317, 1341-1345. doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7169.1341

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• TITLE: Glycemic and cardiovascular parameters improved in type 2 diabetes with the high nutrient density (HND) diet

  AUTHORS: D. M. Dunaief, J. Fuhrman, J. L. Dunaief, G. Ying

  KEYWORDS: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Lipids; Hypertension; Nutrition; Cardiovascular Disease; Lifestyle Medicine; HbA1C; BMI

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Preventive Medicine, Vol.2 No.3, August 7, 2012

  ABSTRACT: Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide an initial assessment of the effectiveness of the high nutrient density (HND) diet on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in participants with type 2 diabetes. Design: This was a retrospective case series study. Participants were 13 adult type 2 diabetic U.S. women and men between the ages of 30 - 80 years old. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), lipid profile, blood pressure, BMI, and medication requirements before and after commencement of the HND diet were compared. Results: After a median length on the HND diet of 7 months, the mean HbA1C dropped from 8.2% to 5.8% (p = 0.002), with sixty-two percent of participants reaching normoglycemic levels (HbA1C p = 0.0004 for systolic blood pressure, p = 0.01 for diastolic blood pressure). Triglycerides significantly decreased from a mean of 171 mg/dl to a mean of 103 mg/dl (p = 0.02). The HDL increased significantly from 48.3 mg/dl to 54.6 mg/dl (p = 0.03). The mean number of medications dropped from 4 to 1 (p = 0.0006). Conclusions: The HND diet was very effective in controlling glycemic levels and cardiovascular risk factors in 13 participants with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, there is a well-justified need for further study with the HND diet.