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C. H. Llewellyn Smith, “High Energy Behaviour and Gauge Symmetry,” Physics Letters B, Vol. 46, No. 2, 1973, pp. 233-236. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(73)90692-8

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Primordial Open-System Thermodynamics and the Origin of a Biophysics Selection Principle

  AUTHORS: Alfred Bennun

  KEYWORDS: Asymmetry; Half-Life; Particles-Antiparticles; Neutrinos-Antineutrinos Leak; Open System

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Biophysics, Vol.2 No.3, July 27, 2012

  ABSTRACT: Mesons and baryons, according to their rest mass and half-life, show a tendency for de-confinement and re-confinement of energy, contributing to a continuous surge of enthalpy along the primordial chronology. The strong force opposes to the separation of the constitutive quarks of pions, which by self-multiplication, absorb the energy released by decay and pair-annihilation. The 1% of mass apported by quarks requires an additional 99% of energy from this decay to manifest as gluons-hadrons formation. Processes like oscillation neutron-proton and antineutron-antiproton cycles are capable to capture primordial radiation, and may have prevented a Universe immersed into residual gamma radiation.