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G. M. Milesi-Ferretti, “Good, Bad or Ugly? On the Effects of Fiscal Rules with Creative Accounting,” Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 88, No. 1-2, 2004, pp. 377-394. doi:10.1016/S0047-2727(02)00076-2

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Public-Private Partnerships in the Context of the European System of Accounts (ESA95)

  AUTHORS: Bernardino Benito, Francisco Bastida, María-Dolores Guillamón

  KEYWORDS: Public-Private Partnerships; Esa95; Government Debt; Government Deficit

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Accounting, Vol.1 No.1, July 24, 2012

  ABSTRACT: This paper makes an analysis of the European System of Accounts (ESA95) financial treatment of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP). PPP are complex operations that allow incumbents to create infrastructures while hiding debt, with an eye on the next elections. However, the sad part of the story is that PPP are more expensive than traditional contracts in the long run. We think that PPP are not always the best solution. Governments should allocate the risk to the party that is the “least cost avoider”, i.e., the party best suited to control and/or bear the risk. Without this approach, the public sector runs the risk of using PPP with the aim to achieve inadequate goals, for example to achieve a short-term improvement of public accounts, and at the same time, worsening the long-term financial picture.