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DWAF, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa, “Water Balance Situation Assessment Model (WSAM),” 2007. http://www.\usersupport.co.za/

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Hydrological Modeling of Large Drainage Basins Using a GIS-based Hybrid Atmospheric and Terrestrial Water Balance (HATWAB) Model

  AUTHORS: Berhanu F. Alemaw

  KEYWORDS: HATWAB; Water Budget; Large Drainage Basin; Soil Moisture; Vertical Integrated Moisture Convergence; Water Flux; GIS

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Water Resource and Protection, Vol.4 No.7, June 18, 2012

  ABSTRACT: A Hydrological model is proposed to study the spatial and temporal variability of the water budget components of large drainage basin systems from atmospheric and terrestrial water balances. In order to understand the water balances that include, surface runoff, actual evapotranspiration and soil moisture, a GIS-based simple water balance model which is referred as Hydrological Model from Hybrid Atmospheric and Terrestrial Water Balances with acronym HATWAB is presented. The spatio-temporal climatology database was created from a network of climate stations from CLIMWAT data base to reconstruct the monthly primary inputs to HATWAB model, rainfall and potential evapotranspiration. The modeling principles and HATWAB model are demonstrated using the Limpopo and Congo basins in Africa. The model was used to simulate water balance components by taking rainfall-runoff processes in the basin including soil-texture controlled moisture in the terrestrial system, and the vertical integrated moisture convergence that accounts for the net water vapor flux from the basins in order to close the hydrologic water budget.