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Hartman, R.P.A., Brunner, D.J., Camelot, D.M.A., Marjnissen, J.C.M. and Scarlett, B. (1999) Electrohydrodynamic atomization in the conejet mode physical modeling of the liquid cone and jet. Journal of Aerosol Science, 30, 823-849. doi:10.1016/S0021-8502(99)00033-6

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Generation of biomaterial particles with controlled dimensions via electrospraying

  AUTHORS: Xiang Li, Gaorong Han, Jie Huang, Mohan Edirisinghe, William Bonfield

  KEYWORDS: Electrospraying; Hydroxyapatite; Nozzle Geometry Effect

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Regenerative Medicine, Vol.1 No.1, June 29, 2012

  ABSTRACT: It is well known that small biomaterial particles can lead to superior properties demanded by advanced applications in tissue engineering. Electrospraying has been considered as a promising approach to prepare fine particles, but reducing the particle size during such jetting process is always challenging. This is because the size of the as-sprayed particles is always limited by the device outlet diameter used. In the study we show that hydroxyapatite (HA) relics of 2 - 3 μm with low standard deviation can be deposited using a large nozzle (diameter of 1100 μm) only by reducing the nozzle tip angle from 90° to 15°. The mechanism of such phenomenon was extensively discussed, and a range of refined HA patterns were successfully prepared using the updated electrspraying configuration. We anticipate our findings to have a significant impact on the research of nanostructured biomaterials with superior properties which are realized by reducing the particle size using a greener electrically-driven processing technique.