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N. Nakada, T. Tanishima, H. Shinokara, H. Kiri and H. Takada, “Pharmaceutical Chemicals and Endocrine Disrupters in Municipal Wastewater in Tokyo and their Removal during Activated Sludge Treatment,” Water Research, Vol. 40, No. 17, 2006, pp. 3297-3303. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2006.06.039

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Removal of Steriod Hormones by Activated Carbon Adsorption—Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies

  AUTHORS: Augustine O. Ifelebuegu

  KEYWORDS: Adsorption; Isotherms; 17β-Estradiol; 17α-Ethinyloestradiol; Enthalpy

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol.3 No.6, June 21, 2012

  ABSTRACT: The mechanism, isotherms and kinetics of removal of two endocrine disrupting chemicals, 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinyloestradiol (EE2) by activated carbon adsorption were investigated in an agitated non-flow batch adsorption studies. Mathematical models were used to describe the adsorption phenomenon with the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters evaluated using the adsorption equilibrium data at varying temperatures. Higher adsorption rates were achieved at acidic to neutral pH ranges, with the sorption kinetic data showing a good fit to the pseudo second order rate equation and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model for both E2 and EE2. The Gibbs free energy were –16.68 kJ/mol and –17.34 kJ/mol for E2 and EE2 respectively. The values of enthalpy for both E2 (84.50 kJ/mol) and EE2 (90 kJ/mol) indicated a chemical nature of the sorption process. Both the isotherm and thermodynamic data obtained all supported the mechanism of adsorption of E2 and EE2 to be mainly chemisorptions supported by some physical attractions.