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M. Fiebig, J. M. Pezzuto, D. D. Soejarto and A. D. Kinghorn, “Koenoline, a Further Cytotoxic Carbazole Alkaloid from Murraya koengii,” Phytochemistry, Vol. 24, No. 12, 1985, pp. 3041-3043. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(85)80052-2

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• TITLE: Anti-Inflammatory Effect of 3-Methylcarbazoles on RAW 264.7 Cells Stimulated with LPS, Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid and Pam3CSK

  AUTHORS: Thongchai Taechowisan, Srisakul Chanaphat, Wanwikar Ruensamran, Waya S. Phutdhawong

  KEYWORDS: 3-Methylcarbazoles; Anti-Inflammatory Activity; RAW 264.7 Cells, Streptomyces sp.

  JOURNAL NAME: Advances in Microbiology, Vol.2 No.2, June 13, 2012

  ABSTRACT: In the present study, 3-methylcarbazole and 1-methoxy-3-methylcarbazole were isolated from the culture of Streptomyces sp. LJK109, endophyte of Alpinia galanga Swartz. 3-methylcarbazole, a carbazole derivative, has been found to be highly potent as anti-inflammatory agent. The immunomodulatory activity of these agents in toll like receptor (TLR)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Poly(I:C), and pam3CSK was investigated by assessing nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The 3-methylcarbazoles dose-dependently suppressed the release of NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 in LPS- and pam3CSK-activated macrophages but not in Poly(I:C)-activated macrophages. Our results suggest that 3-methylcarbazoles can be further developed as a promising anti-inflammatory remedy.