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S. L. Marks and E. J. Kather, “Bacterial-Associated Diarrhea in the Dog: A Critical Appraisal,” Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, Vol. 33, No. 5, 2003, pp. 1029-1060. doi:10.1016/S0195-5616(03)00091-3

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: A Preliminary Molecular Typing by PCR Assays of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile Isolates from Dogs

  AUTHORS: Maria Cristina Ossiprandi, Mirko Buttrini, Ezio Bottarelli, Laura Zerbini

  KEYWORDS: Clostridium perfringens; Clostridium difficile; Molecular Typing; Dogs; Toxigenic/Non-Toxigenic

  JOURNAL NAME: Advances in Microbiology, Vol.2 No.2, June 13, 2012

  ABSTRACT: Clostridium perfringens and C. difficile have been associated with acute and chronic large and small bowel diarrhoea, and acute haemorrhagic diarrhoeal syndrome in dogs. The objective of this study was to investigate by toxin gene profile and PCR-ribotyping the molecular characteristics of 14 C. perfringens and 10 C. difficile isolates from 95 canine faeces (n = 36, diarrhoeic and n = 59, non-diarrhoeic). Concerning C. perfringens, 13 strains (92.9%) were type A, of which 3 (23.1%) also possessed the beta 2 toxin (CPB2)-encoding gene. One isolate (7.1%) was type D and possessed CPB2 gene. On the whole, 4 of the 14 strains (28.6%) tested cpb2-positive. Six C. difficile isolates (60.0%) demonstrated tcdA+/tcdB+ and cdtA+/vcdtB+ genotype and tested positive for, in vitro, toxin production by EIA. Eight distinct ribotypes were observed. In conclusion, the PCR assays may provide useful and reliable tools for C. perfringens and C. difficile molecular typing in routine veterinary diagnostics.