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J. S. Hwang, Y. Takaku, T. Momose, P. Adamczyk, S. ?zbek, K. Ikeo, K. Khalturin, G. Hemmrich, T. C. G. Bosch, T. W. Holstein, C. N. David and T. Gojobori, “Nematogalectin, a Nematocyst Protein with GlyXY and Galectin Domains, Demonstrates Nematocyte-Specific Alternative Splicing in Hydra,” PNAS, Vol. 107, No. 43, 2010, pp. 18539-18544. doi:10.1073/pnas.1003256107

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: In silico Study on Sulfated and Non-Sulfated Carbohydrate Chains from Proteoglycans in Cnidaria and Interaction with Collagen

  AUTHORS: Thomas Eckert, Sabine Stötzel, Monika Burg-Roderfeld, Judith Sewing, Thomas Lütteke, Nikolay E. Nifantiev, Johannes F. G. Vliegenthart, Hans-Christian Siebert

  KEYWORDS: Quantum Chemical Calculations; Proteoglycans; Collagen; Atom Force Microscopy; Cnidaria

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol.2 No.2, May 22, 2012

  ABSTRACT: Proteoglycans and collagen molecules are interacting with each other thereby forming various connective tissues. The sulfation pattern of proteoglycans differs depending on the kind of tissue and/or the degree of maturation. Tissues from Cnidaria are suitable examples for exploration of the effects in relation to the presence and the absence of sulfate groups, when studying characteristic fragments of the long proteoglycan carbohydrate chains in silico. It has been described that a non-sulfated chondroitin appears as a scaffold in early morphogenesis of all nematocyst types in Hydra. On the other hand, sulfated glucosaminoglycans play an important role in various developmental processes of Cnidaria. In order to understand this biological phenomenon on a sub-molecular level we have analysed the structures of sulfated and non-sulfated proteoglycan carbohydrate chains as well as the structure of diverse collagen molecules with computational methods including quantum chemical calculations. The strong interactions between the sulfate groups of the carbohydrates moieties in proteoglycans and positively charged regions of collagen are essential in stabilizing various Cnidaria tissues but could hinder the nematocyst formation and its proper function. The results of our quantum chemical calculations show that the sulfation pattern has a significant effect on the conformation of chondroitin structures under study.