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Flowers, J. H., Buhman, D. C., & Turnage, K. D. (1997). Cross-modal equivalence of visual and auditory scatterplots for exploring bivariate data samples. Human Factors, 39, 341-351. doi:10.1518/001872097778827151

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• TITLE: Enhancing Accessibility of Visual Information via Sound: Metaphoric Association versus Rule-Based Mapping

  AUTHORS: Orit Shenkar, Daniel Algom

  KEYWORDS: Sonification; Learning; Transfer of Learning; Visually Impaired

  JOURNAL NAME: Psychology, Vol.3 No.5, May 23, 2012

  ABSTRACT: The goal of this study was to develop and test methods for enhancing accessibility of visual information through conversion to sound. In three experiments, normally sighted and visually impaired participants learned to associate sounds to referent visual stimuli. The conversion included an experience-based method that made use of natural sounds of objects and a rule-based method, which produced an appropriate “auditory graph” via a precise function. Learning was easier with the first method but an appreciable transfer of learning was only observed with the second method. Rendering the visual input highly accessible, these methods are capable of improving activities of daily living.