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B. Winkler, “Which Kind of Transparency? On the Need for Clarify in Monetary Policy Making,” ECB Working Paper, European Central Bank, No. 26, 2000, pp. 1-36.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Central Bank Communication, Ambiguity and Market Interest Rates: A Case Study

  AUTHORS: Carlo Di Giorgio, Enzo Rossi

  KEYWORDS: ECB Communication; Ambiguity Indicators; Structural VAR

  JOURNAL NAME: Modern Economy, Vol.3 No.3, May 22, 2012

  ABSTRACT: We asked a representative sample of European banks to judge messages released by ECB members (from February 1999 to February 2000) in terms of their ambiguity. In this paper, we use our survey to derive a definition of ambiguity and to evaluate ECB communication. A Structural Vector Autoregression model is estimated and the results show that ambiguous messages were able to affect agents’ expectations for a limited period after a speech by ECB members; moreover, they show that ambiguity had temporary effects also on volatility and moved rates away from the policy rate.