TITLE:
Risk Characterization and Governance Strategies for Cultural Security in K-12 Smart Classrooms: A Study in the Era of Generative Artificial Intelligence
AUTHORS:
Deping Zou, Wanchen Hou
KEYWORDS:
Generative Artificial Intelligence, Cultural Security, Smart Classroom, K-12 Education, Risk Governance, Educational Equity
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Access Library Journal,
Vol.13 No.11,
November
12,
2026
ABSTRACT: This study addresses the emerging challenges to cultural security within K-12 smart classrooms, exacerbated by the rapid integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI). As AI-driven tools increasingly mediate instructional content and classroom interactions, they introduce complex risks regarding cultural values, ideological safety, and data sovereignty. Grounded in a socio-technical risk governance framework, this research investigates the multidimensional manifestations of cultural security risks in primary and secondary educational settings. Through a systematic theoretical analysis and case-based examination of current smart classroom practices, the study identifies three primary risk characterizations: algorithmic cultural bias and value misalignment, data-driven cultural erosion, and the disruption of traditional pedagogical authority. Findings suggest that existing governance mechanisms are insufficient to address these emerging complexities. Consequently, this paper proposes a multi-stakeholder governance pathway encompassing technical, institutional, and pedagogical dimensions. This includes developing culturally sensitive AI algorithms, establishing dynamic risk monitoring and early warning systems, and enhancing teachers’ AI literacy and cultural security awareness. This study offers theoretical insights and practical strategies for policymakers and educators to safeguard cultural security while leveraging the transformative potential of GenAI in basic education.