TITLE:
Voltage Stability and Power Flow Assessment of Industrial Load Integration under 12 MW PV Injection in Congo’s Grid
AUTHORS:
Rodolphe Gomba, Haroun Abba Labane, Tite Lawd Ngouloubi, Eyandzi Amos Omboua, Ursula Vanelie Kani Mboyo
KEYWORDS:
Photovoltaic Integration, Voltage Stability, Power Flow, Industrial Load, Weak Grid, Static Var Generator, Continuation Power Flow, Reactive-Power Compensation
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Power and Energy Engineering,
Vol.14 No.11,
November
9,
2026
ABSTRACT: The integration of utility-scale photovoltaic generation into weak power systems can significantly affect power-flow distribution and voltage-stability margins, particularly when supplying reactive industrial loads. This paper investigates a 12 MW grid-connected photovoltaic plant supplying a 22 MVA industrial load under weak-grid conditions. The proposed assessment combines Newton-Raphson power flow, continuation-based P-V analysis, Jacobian minimum singular-value monitoring, and static var generator (SVG) compensation. For the adopted reduced benchmark with a short-circuit ratio of SCR = 5, the uncompensated system exhibits severe voltage degradation and limited loadability. A 6 MVAr SVG increases the minimum bus voltage from 0.617 to 0.855 p.u. and the maximum loading factor from 0.023 to 0.316. The corresponding maximum industrial active load increases from 19.13 to 24.61 MW, while active-power losses decrease from 0.924 to 0.210 MW. However, the compensated voltage remains below the 0.95 p.u. criterion, indicating that nominal reactive-power compensation alone does not ensure adequate voltage performance in a weak grid. The results highlight the need for SVG sizing based jointly on voltage regulation and static loadability constraints. Here, λ is the fractional load increase, with λ = 0 at nominal demand. The reported results require verification using the complete network dataset and actual SVG control settings.