TITLE:
Modeling and Analysis of an Airport Electrical System Using the Newton-Raphson Method
AUTHORS:
Anthony Bassesuka Sandoka Nzao, Benjamin Ndubu Khonde, Tuka Biaba Samuel Garcia
KEYWORDS:
Airport Microgrid, Power Flow, Newton-Raphson Algorithm, Systemic Reliability, Topological Redundancy, Energy Resilience
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Applied Sciences,
Vol.16 No.11,
November
2,
2026
ABSTRACT: The energy resilience of critical airport infrastructure poses a major systemic challenge, particularly in developing environments where national power grids are structurally unstable. This paper presents a mathematical modelling and quantitative analysis of the electrical supply security of an airport hub, using Ndjili International Airport in Kinshasa, DR Congo, as an empirical anchor. The proposed approach formalizes the interdependence among primary power sources, internal distribution architecture, critical load behaviour, and backup system dynamics. Methodologically, the research integrates on-site characterization with a power flow calculation model solved via the Newton-Raphson iterative algorithm, enabling an assessment of network robustness against contingencies. Numerical simulations highlight the topological vulnerabilities of the current system and quantify the impact of recurrent outages on reliability indicators. Finally, this paper demonstrates the efficacy of active and passive redundancy strategies, specifically through the integration of dedicated transformers and synchronous diesel generators and formulates a techno-economic optimization framework aimed at maximizing service continuity and compliance with international aviation safety standards.