TITLE:
From Silos to Synergy: Artificial Intelligence as an Architect of Interoperable One Health Systems for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance
AUTHORS:
Ally Mwambela, Said Hassan, Yuda Sule, Joel Makyao, Raywat Deonandan
KEYWORDS:
Antimicrobial Resistance, One Health, Artificial Intelligence, Interoperability, Surveillance Systems, Global Health Security
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Biosciences and Medicines,
Vol.14 No.10,
October
13,
2026
ABSTRACT: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) constitutes one of the most formidable threats to global health security, directly causing approximately 1.27 million deaths annually and contributing to nearly five million more. Despite widespread consensus that the One Health framework offers the most coherent conceptual approach to AMR mitigation, the operational translation of this vision remains critically obstructed by fragmented, non-interoperable information systems that isolate data across human, animal and environmental health domains. This perspective paper advances a novel argument: artificial intelligence’s (AI) most consequential contribution to combating AMR resides not in predictive analytics or pharmaceutical discovery alone, but in its capacity to architect interoperability across these entrenched sectoral silos. We critically examine three AI modalities federated learning for privacy-preserving data federation, natural language processing for heterogeneous data harmonization and explainable AI for clinical trust and translational adoption as promising but insufficiently realized pathways to interoperability. We further interrogate persistent structural barriers, including ontological discordance, infrastructural deficits in low- and middle-income countries and regulatory fragmentation that collectively undermine AI’s potential. We contend that realizing AI’s transformative promise demands deliberate investment in interoperable data architectures, context-sensitive technological solutions and governance frameworks that foreground equity, transparency and sustainability. This perspective concludes by proposing a pragmatic roadmap for operationalizing AI-enabled One Health surveillance, emphasizing that interoperability must be elevated from a technical afterthought to a foundational design principle in global AMR strategy.