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Moutombi Ditombi, B.C., Manomba Boulingui, C., Mayandza, C., Ntsame Owono, M., Moutongo, R., Moussavou Mabicka, A.D., et al. (2026) Parasitic and Fungal Central Nervous System Infections in Hospitalised Adults Living with HIV in Libreville, Gabon: Clinical Profiles to Inform Syndromic Triage in Resource Limited Settings. AIDS Research and Therapy, 23, Article No. 18.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12981-026-00843-y

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Unmasking Cerebral Toxoplasmosis after Restarting Dolutegravir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy: A Case Report and Mini-Review

  AUTHORS: Martin Herbas Ekat, Tatia Adoua Doukaga, Gilius Axel Aloumba, Médard Amona, Bienvenu Rolland Ossibi Ibara

  KEYWORDS: IRIS, Toxoplasmosis, Dolutegravir

  JOURNAL NAME: Case Reports in Clinical Medicine, Vol.15 No.10, September 30, 2026

  ABSTRACT: A 42-year-old woman living with HIV, who had been off antiretroviral therapy for two years, restarted a dolutegravir-based regimen with a baseline plasma viral load of 120,000 copies/mL and a CD4 T-lymphocyte count of 64 cells/mm3. Two months later, despite complete virological suppression and a CD4 count of 201 cells/mm3, she developed headache, seizures, and a motor deficit. Cranial computed tomography (CT) revealed ring-enhancing lesions suggestive of cerebral toxoplasmosis. The timing of events and the rapid virological response led to a diagnosis of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) unmasking cerebral toxoplasmosis. The outcome was favourable with co-trimoxazole, corticosteroid therapy, and continuation of antiretroviral therapy. This case highlights the importance of considering IRIS in patients presenting with neurological manifestations after initiation or resumption of effective antiretroviral therapy.