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Perez-Molina, J.A., Suárez-Robles, M., Sánchez-López, M.B., Tejerina, F., Peñaranda, M., Vera, M., Goenaga-Sánchez, M.Á., Bernal-Morell, E., Peña, I., Moreno, S. and Jarrín, I. (2026) Persistence of Late HIV Diagnosis and Poorer Response to Antiretrovirals: A Comparison between Migrants and Native-Born People with HIV in Spain. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 32, 1311-1321.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Unmasking Cerebral Toxoplasmosis after Restarting Dolutegravir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy: A Case Report and Mini-Review

  AUTHORS: Martin Herbas Ekat, Tatia Adoua Doukaga, Gilius Axel Aloumba, Médard Amona, Bienvenu Rolland Ossibi Ibara

  KEYWORDS: IRIS, Toxoplasmosis, Dolutegravir

  JOURNAL NAME: Case Reports in Clinical Medicine, Vol.15 No.10, September 30, 2026

  ABSTRACT: A 42-year-old woman living with HIV, who had been off antiretroviral therapy for two years, restarted a dolutegravir-based regimen with a baseline plasma viral load of 120,000 copies/mL and a CD4 T-lymphocyte count of 64 cells/mm3. Two months later, despite complete virological suppression and a CD4 count of 201 cells/mm3, she developed headache, seizures, and a motor deficit. Cranial computed tomography (CT) revealed ring-enhancing lesions suggestive of cerebral toxoplasmosis. The timing of events and the rapid virological response led to a diagnosis of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) unmasking cerebral toxoplasmosis. The outcome was favourable with co-trimoxazole, corticosteroid therapy, and continuation of antiretroviral therapy. This case highlights the importance of considering IRIS in patients presenting with neurological manifestations after initiation or resumption of effective antiretroviral therapy.