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National Imagery and Mapping Agency (1997) Department of Defense World Geodetic System 1984. Its Definition and Relationships with Local Geodetic Systems. Technical Report 8350.2 Fairfax, VA. National Imagery and Mapping Agency.
https://ntrl.ntis.gov/NTRL/dashboard/searchResults/titleDetail/ADA204108.xhtml

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Reconciling the Difference between Global and Flat-Earth Perspectives for Spatial Data

  AUTHORS: Earl F. Burkholder

  KEYWORDS: Spatial/Geospatial Data, Plane Surveying, Geodetic Surveying, Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM), Conformal Mapping, Low-Distortion Projections (LDPs), Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed (ECEF), Distance Distortion, Global Spatial Data Model (GSDM)

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Geographic Information System, Vol.18 No.5, September 18, 2026

  ABSTRACT: As science matures, over-arching concepts emerge that simplify the subject. Such simplification fosters increased efficiency and practicality. Regarding spatial data, rules of solid geometry are long-standing and used in many applications. A consequence of the digital revolution is that procedures for working with flat-Earth spatial data need to be reconciled with higher-level geodetic applications of geospatial data. A simple model embodies flat-Earth assumptions while more rigorous mathematical expressions are needed to represent location with respect to the ellipsoidal Earth. The 3D global spatial data model (GSDM) is an over-arching concept which reconciles those perspectives by utilizing 3D space for computations. The GSDM is a practical solution which serves the needs of flat-Earth spatial data end users without sacrificing the rigor of geospatial data.