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Tyagi, K. and Al-Shahristani, A. (2023) Behaviour of Particles in 2 Time Dimensional Spacetime with Separate Speeds of Causality through Dirac and Klein-Gordon Formulations.
https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202312.2034.v1

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Exploring the Electromagnetic Interactions in the 2T + 3S Dimensions without Compactification: Implications for a Segmented Space-Time

  AUTHORS: Sajjad Zahir

  KEYWORDS: Extra Time Dimension, Classical Electrodynamics, QCD, R-Values, Gluons

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Modern Physics, Vol.17 No.9, September 22, 2026

  ABSTRACT: We developed a formulation of classical electrodynamics in the 2T + 3S dimensions without compactifying the extra time dimension. We found an effective electric charge defined by the ratio of the two distinct speeds of causality. We extended the concept to the hadronic Color-Space and postulated that the massless gluon was tied to the second time dimension, with an intrinsic speed different from the speed of light. We applied the theoretical formulations to the e+e− → hadrons experiments and suggested a preliminary estimate of the gluon speed using the R- values.