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Ruffin, E., Schiestel, E., Anselmet, F., Amielh, M. and Fulachier, L. (1994) Investigation of characteristic scales in variable density turbulent jets using a second-order model. Physics of Fluids, 6(8), 2785-2799.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: The dynamic field in turbulent round jet discharging into a co-flowing stream

  AUTHORS: Mohamed Hichem Gazzah, Nejmiddin Boughattas, Hafedh Belmabrouk, Rachid Said

  KEYWORDS: Co-Flow; Turbulence; Jets; Models; Entrainment

  JOURNAL NAME: Natural Science, Vol.2 No.6, July 1, 2010

  ABSTRACT: The effects of a co-flow on a spreading and entrainment rate of turbulent round jets have been studied numerically. The first and second order closure models are used and have been comp- ared with existing experimental data. The influence of theses models on the dynamic fields is examined. The results of the models in general agree well with the trends observed experiment- tally. The co-flowing imposed noticeable restri- ctions on the spreading and the turbulent mixing. Finally, an entrainment hypothesis has been introduced to describe the development of turbulent jets issuing into a stagnant or co-flowing air. It relates the mass flow rate of the surround- ing fluid entrained into the jet to the characteristic velocity difference between the jet and the co-flow. It is obvious that the co-flow decreases considerably the entrainment of air.