TITLE:
A Network-Based Microscopic Interpretation of Vacuum Localised Structures
AUTHORS:
Rudi Van Nieuwenhove
KEYWORDS:
Vacuum Localised Structures, General Relativity, Pregeometry, Cosmology, Dark Matter Alternatives
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology,
Vol.12 No.4,
August
28,
2026
ABSTRACT: Vacuum Localised Structures (VLS) have recently been proposed as self-gravitating solutions of the Einstein field equations. Such structures have been investigated in connection with galactic dark matter distributions, filamentary gravitational configurations, and black-hole-like vacuum solutions without baryonic matter sources. Although the corresponding solutions are mathematically consistent within General Relativity, the physical interpretation of the underlying stress-energy tensor remained unclear. In the present work, a microscopic interpretation of VLS structures is explored using a dynamical network framework. Space is interpreted as an emergent structure arising from an underlying discrete connectivity network, in which effective metric properties are associated with local link configurations and shortest-path relations. Curvature is interpreted as a spatial variation of effective network connectivity. Within this framework, a VLS is described as a self-sustained coherent network configuration maintained by local reconnection dynamics. This surface-dominated dynamical behaviour naturally leads to the effective equation of state in which the radial pressure equals minus one-third of the energy density, thereby providing a possible microscopic interpretation of the peculiar stress-energy properties associated with VLS solutions.