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Wei, B., Wang, B., Li, X., Aishan, M. and Ju, Y. (2023) CO₂ Storage in Depleted Oil and Gas Reservoirs: A Review. Advances in Geo-Energy Research, 9, 76-93.
https://doi.org/10.46690/ager.2023.08.02

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Testing of Gravitational Stability of CO2-Hydrates for CO2 Storage on Seafloors

  AUTHORS: Muhammad Towhidul Islam, Boyun Guo

  KEYWORDS: CO2-Hydrates, Gravitational Stability, Experimental Study, CO2 Storage, Seafloors

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol.17 No.8, August 28, 2026

  ABSTRACT: Discharging carbon dioxide (CO2) to seafloors in the form of CO2-hydrates can potentially store CO2 in virtually unlimited quantity. Realizing the process requires a thorough understanding of CO2-hydrate forming behavior in seawater conditions. One of the major concerns is the gravitational stability of the produced bulk CO2-hydrates. The objective of this study was to seek the optimum procedure for producing bulk CO2-hydrates with densities greater than seawater density. This objective was achieved by direct visualization of CO2-hydrates through the glass windows of a reactor under various pressure and temperature conditions with mixing methods of CO2-bubbling and water-dropping. CO2-bubbling into the water phase was observed to produce bulk CO2-hydrates with densities less than water density due to the excessive CO2 trapped in the bulk hydrates. Water-dropping into the CO2 phase was observed to produce bulk CO2-hydrates with densities greater than water density due to the excessive water trapped in the bulk hydrates. Water-dropping was therefore identified as a favorable mixing method for producing CO2-hydrates with gravitational stability for depositing onto seafloors.