TITLE:
Solving the Problem of Relativistic Thermodynamics in the Special and General Cases According to the Inverse Relativity Model
AUTHORS:
Michael Girgis
KEYWORDS:
Relativistic Gas, Temperature Transformation, Inverse Heisenberg Principle, Super Time, Time Quantization, Gravity and Thermodynamics, Local Tensors, Inverse Length Relativity, Subspace-Times, Reverse Subspace-Time, Black Holes, Dark Matter, Inverse Theory of Relativity
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology,
Vol.12 No.3,
July
30,
2026
ABSTRACT: In this paper, we will try to solve the problem of relativistic thermodynamics and explain why the special theory of relativity has failed in this matter for almost 120 years. We will do this through a new model called inverse relativity, derived from special and general relativity, and not as a replacement for either of them. This model is based on dividing total spacetime into positive and negative subspaces. In the special case, the paper includes transformations of some thermal quantities, such as volume, pressure, temperature, probability density, etc. in each subspace-time. The positive subspace-time, as a space of causality, represents the internal structure space of the thermodynamic system, where we obtain the same concepts and mathematical formulas for the laws of thermodynamics at both the microscopic and macroscopic levels. Negative subspace-time, as a space devoid of causality where the concepts and laws of thermodynamics break down, represents the space of the system’s motion. The paper also includes zero-point energy, its nature and importance, and macroscopic quantum tunneling, both of which are related to energy fluctuations between subspaces, as well as the quantizability of time, and the possibility of a thermodynamic system reaching the speed of light without infinite energy. In general case, the paper includes new types of local energy-momentum tensors for a perfect fluid in each subspace-time. This gives us an understanding of relativistic thermodynamics on the surfaces of stars and black holes, where uncertainties in escape velocity, black hole radius, and the disappearance of infinite energy density arise in negative subspace-time, while uncertainties in thermal quantities arise in positive subspace-time. Finally, we propose three distinct tests of some of the results of our model.