TITLE:
The Formation of Stars and Galaxies
AUTHORS:
Mark Linick
KEYWORDS:
Star Formation, Galaxy Formation, Degenerate Condensate, Hydrogen Cloud Condensation, Neutronization, Disk Formation
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology,
Vol.12 No.3,
July
29,
2026
ABSTRACT: A novel pathway to star formation is explored based on condensation. We propose hydrogen clouds condense, producing degenerate condensates up to possibly galactic scale. For stellar-mass objects, accretion terminates once the parent cloud is exhausted. The surrounding envelope now produces heat from compression (Kelvin-Helmholtz), while degenerate electrons transfer heat to the core, lifting degeneracy. The gas is now thermally supported, producing the star. We then propose condensates of galactic mass may become unstable to collapse by neutronization and the removal of charge. The collapse can generate a rotation, followed by an explosion. Expelled material near the plane can contribute to disk formation, while expelled material near the spin axis may fall back, producing a smaller central condensate. This process cycles until the central component depletes, suggesting an outside-in disc development. Two totally different objects with unique developmental pathways, both start as a degenerate condensate. Together, these processes suggest a coherent, physically motivated framework linking condensation with unique structural formations across a wide range of astrophysical scales.