TITLE:
On the Bulk-Surface Mechanism for Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the PPH Framework
AUTHORS:
Slobodan Spremo
KEYWORDS:
Primary Particle Hypothesis (PPH), Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Phantom Equation of State, Bulk-Surface Mechanism, Cosmological Tensions
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology,
Vol.12 No.3,
July
22,
2026
ABSTRACT: A model is proposed in which dark matter and dark energy represent the bulk and surface aspects of a unified pre-geometric dynamics. Within the PPH (Primary Particle Hypothesis), subluminal modes generate effective matter, while interaction with trans-horizon degrees of freedom provides a surface energy-momentum contribution with negative pressure. The modified Friedmann equation is solved exactly, revealing an effective phantom dark energy component. The model predicts a constant equation of state
w=−1/α
, naturally close to −1, and reduces to wCDM in the observationally favoured limit. Using Planck constraints on
w
0
, we find
α=
0.97
−0.03
+0.03
,
β=0.65±0.02
, fully consistent with current data.