TITLE:
Assessment of the Impact of Anthropogenic Activities on the Coastal Areas of the Indian Ocean: A Case of Bagamoyo, Tanzania
AUTHORS:
Wilfred J. Kileo, Edrick J. Mugisha, Keneth O. Mbaga, Mansour Likamba
KEYWORDS:
Coastal Pollution, Anthropogenic Activities, Environmental Degradation, Sustainable Coastal Management, Bagamoyo
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Social Sciences,
Vol.14 No.7,
July
21,
2026
ABSTRACT: This study assesses the impact of anthropogenic activities on the coastal environment of Bagamoyo, Tanzania, with a focus on identifying pollution sources and understanding their long-term implications on coastal ecosystems and local communities. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were gathered through structured interviews, questionnaires, and direct observations across five coastal beaches: Kaole, Mbegani, Badeko, Msalabani, and Mwaroni. A total of 76 respondents, including fishermen, boat drivers, and tourist guides, provided insights into the primary pollutants, including plastic waste, iron remnants, food debris, and plant debris from mangroves. The findings reveal that fishing, tourism, and unregulated coastal construction are the primary drivers of pollution, contributing to both environmental degradation and socio-economic risks, such as the disruption of marine ecosystems and threats to livelihoods. The study highlights the urgency of addressing these issues through strengthened waste management practices, community engagement, and stricter enforcement of environmental laws. Additionally, the research underscores the need for integrated coastal management strategies that balance economic activities with environmental protection. These findings contribute to the broader discourse on sustainable coastal development by offering practical recommendations for local authorities, policymakers, and non-governmental organizations. The study advocates for a collaborative approach that ensures the long-term sustainability of Bagamoyo’s coastal regions while protecting both the environment and the local economy.